{"id":4056,"date":"2024-12-11T18:49:01","date_gmt":"2024-12-11T15:49:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/2024\/12\/11\/dynamic-linking-qt-app-macos\/"},"modified":"2024-12-16T22:32:09","modified_gmt":"2024-12-16T19:32:09","slug":"dynamic-linking-qt-app-macos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/2024\/12\/11\/dynamic-linking-qt-app-macos\/","title":{"rendered":"Vincula\u00e7\u00e3o din\u00e2mica de aplicativos Qt no macOS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hoje lancei uma vers\u00e3o do RaidenVideoRipper para dispositivos Apple com macOS e processadores M1\/M2\/M3\/M4 (Apple Silicon). RaidenVideoRipper \u00e9 um aplicativo r\u00e1pido de edi\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00eddeo que permite cortar parte de um arquivo de v\u00eddeo em um novo arquivo. Voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m pode criar gifs e exportar a trilha de \u00e1udio para mp3.<\/p>\n<p>A seguir, descreverei brevemente quais comandos usei para fazer isso. A teoria do que est\u00e1 acontecendo aqui, a documenta\u00e7\u00e3o das concession\u00e1rias, pode ser lida nos seguintes links:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unix.com\/man-page\/osx\/1\/otool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.unix.com\/man-page\/osx\/1\/otool\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unix.com\/man-page\/osx\/1\/install_name_tool\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.unix.com\/man-page\/osx\/1\/install_name_tool\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/llvm.org\/docs\/CommandGuide\/llvm-nm.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/llvm.org\/docs\/CommandGuide\/llvm-nm.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/1\/file\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/1\/file<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unix.com\/man-page\/osx\/8\/SPCTL\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.unix.com\/man-page\/osx\/8\/SPCTL\/<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/1\/chmod\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/1\/chmod<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/1\/ls\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/1\/ls<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man7\/xattr.7.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man7\/xattr.7.html<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/doc.qt.io\/qt-6\/macos-deployment.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doc.qt.io\/qt-6\/macos-deployment.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Primeiro, instale o Qt no seu macOS e tamb\u00e9m instale o ambiente de desenvolvimento Qt Desktop. Depois disso, construa seu projeto, por exemplo, no Qt Creator. Em seguida, descreverei o que \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio para que as depend\u00eancias com bibliotecas din\u00e2micas externas funcionem corretamente ao distribuir o aplicativo para usu\u00e1rios finais.<\/p>\n<p>Crie um diret\u00f3rio Frameworks na pasta YOUR_APP.app\/Contents do seu aplicativo e coloque depend\u00eancias externas nele. Por exemplo, esta \u00e9 a apar\u00eancia dos Frameworks para o aplicativo RaidenVideoRipper:<\/p>\n<div class=\"hcb_wrap\">\n<pre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-bash\" data-lang=\"bash\"><code>Frameworks\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 DullahanFFmpeg.framework\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 dullahan_ffmpeg.a\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 libavcodec.60.dylib\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 libavdevice.60.dylib\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 libavfilter.9.dylib\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 libavformat.60.dylib\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 libavutil.58.dylib\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 libpostproc.57.dylib\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 libswresample.4.dylib\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 libswscale.7.dylib\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 QtCore.framework\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Headers -> Versions\/Current\/Headers\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 QtCore -> Versions\/Current\/QtCore\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Resources -> Versions\/Current\/Resources\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 Versions\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 QtGui.framework\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Headers -> Versions\/Current\/Headers\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 QtGui -> Versions\/Current\/QtGui\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Resources -> Versions\/Current\/Resources\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 Versions\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 QtMultimedia.framework\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Headers -> Versions\/Current\/Headers\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 QtMultimedia -> Versions\/Current\/QtMultimedia\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Resources -> Versions\/Current\/Resources\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 Versions\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 QtMultimediaWidgets.framework\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Headers -> Versions\/Current\/Headers\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 QtMultimediaWidgets -> Versions\/Current\/QtMultimediaWidgets\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Resources -> Versions\/Current\/Resources\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 Versions\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 QtNetwork.framework\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Headers -> Versions\/Current\/Headers\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 QtNetwork -> Versions\/Current\/QtNetwork\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u251c\u2500\u2500 Resources -> Versions\/Current\/Resources\n\u2502\u00a0\u00a0 \u2514\u2500\u2500 Versions\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 QtWidgets.framework\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 Headers -> Versions\/Current\/Headers\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 QtWidgets -> Versions\/Current\/QtWidgets\n    \u251c\u2500\u2500 Resources -> Versions\/Current\/Resources\n    \u2514\u2500\u2500 Versions\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>Para simplificar, imprimi apenas o segundo n\u00edvel de aninhamento.<\/p>\n<p>A seguir, imprimimos as depend\u00eancias din\u00e2micas atuais da sua aplica\u00e7\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<div class=\"hcb_wrap\">\n<pre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-bash\" data-lang=\"bash\"><code>otool -L RaidenVideoRipper \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>Sa\u00edda para o bin\u00e1rio RaidenVideoRipper, localizado em RaidenVideoRipper.app\/Contents\/MacOS:<\/p>\n<div class=\"hcb_wrap\">\n<pre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-bash\" data-lang=\"bash\"><code>RaidenVideoRipper:\n\t@rpath\/DullahanFFmpeg.framework\/dullahan_ffmpeg.a (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)\n\t@rpath\/QtMultimediaWidgets.framework\/Versions\/A\/QtMultimediaWidgets (compatibility version 6.0.0, current version 6.8.1)\n\t@rpath\/QtWidgets.framework\/Versions\/A\/QtWidgets (compatibility version 6.0.0, current version 6.8.1)\n\t@rpath\/QtMultimedia.framework\/Versions\/A\/QtMultimedia (compatibility version 6.0.0, current version 6.8.1)\n\t@rpath\/QtGui.framework\/Versions\/A\/QtGui (compatibility version 6.0.0, current version 6.8.1)\n\t\/System\/Library\/Frameworks\/AppKit.framework\/Versions\/C\/AppKit (compatibility version 45.0.0, current version 2575.20.19)\n\t\/System\/Library\/Frameworks\/ImageIO.framework\/Versions\/A\/ImageIO (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)\n\t\/System\/Library\/Frameworks\/Metal.framework\/Versions\/A\/Metal (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 367.4.0)\n\t@rpath\/QtNetwork.framework\/Versions\/A\/QtNetwork (compatibility version 6.0.0, current version 6.8.1)\n\t@rpath\/QtCore.framework\/Versions\/A\/QtCore (compatibility version 6.0.0, current version 6.8.1)\n\t\/System\/Library\/Frameworks\/IOKit.framework\/Versions\/A\/IOKit (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 275.0.0)\n\t\/System\/Library\/Frameworks\/DiskArbitration.framework\/Versions\/A\/DiskArbitration (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)\n\t\/System\/Library\/Frameworks\/UniformTypeIdentifiers.framework\/Versions\/A\/UniformTypeIdentifiers (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 709.0.0)\n\t\/System\/Library\/Frameworks\/AGL.framework\/Versions\/A\/AGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)\n\t\/System\/Library\/Frameworks\/OpenGL.framework\/Versions\/A\/OpenGL (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)\n\t\/usr\/lib\/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1800.101.0)\n\t\/usr\/lib\/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1351.0.0)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>Como pode ser visto no RaidenVideoRipper nas depend\u00eancias Qt e Dullahan_ffmpeg. Dullahan FFmpeg \u00e9 um fork do FFmpeg que encapsula sua funcionalidade em uma biblioteca din\u00e2mica, com a capacidade de obter o progresso e cancelamento da execu\u00e7\u00e3o atual usando rotinas C.<br \/>\nEm seguida, substitua os caminhos do aplicativo e todas as bibliotecas necess\u00e1rias usando install_name_tool.<\/p>\n<p>O comando para isso \u00e9:<\/p>\n<div class=\"hcb_wrap\">\n<pre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-bash\" data-lang=\"bash\"><code>install_name_tool -change old_path new_path target\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>Exemplo de uso:<\/p>\n<div class=\"hcb_wrap\">\n<pre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-bash\" data-lang=\"bash\"><code>install_name_tool -change \/usr\/local\/lib\/libavfilter.9.dylib @rpath\/DullahanFFmpeg.framework\/libavfilter.9.dylib dullahan_ffmpeg.a\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>Depois de inserir todos os caminhos corretos, o aplicativo dever\u00e1 iniciar corretamente. Verifique se todos os caminhos para bibliotecas s\u00e3o relativos, transfira o bin\u00e1rio e abra-o novamente.<br \/>\nSe voc\u00ea encontrar algum erro, verifique os caminhos via otool e altere novamente via install_name_tool.<\/p>\n<p>Tamb\u00e9m ocorre um erro com confus\u00e3o de depend\u00eancias, quando a biblioteca que voc\u00ea substituiu n\u00e3o possui um s\u00edmbolo na tabela voc\u00ea pode verificar a presen\u00e7a ou aus\u00eancia de um s\u00edmbolo assim:<\/p>\n<div class=\"hcb_wrap\">\n<pre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-bash\" data-lang=\"bash\"><code>nm -gU path\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>Uma vez executado, voc\u00ea ver\u00e1 toda a tabela de s\u00edmbolos da biblioteca ou aplicativo.<br \/>\nTamb\u00e9m \u00e9 poss\u00edvel que voc\u00ea tenha copiado as depend\u00eancias da arquitetura errada, voc\u00ea pode verificar isso usando o arquivo:<\/p>\n<div class=\"hcb_wrap\">\n<pre class=\"prism line-numbers lang-bash\" data-lang=\"bash\"><code>file path\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>O utilit\u00e1rio de arquivo mostrar\u00e1 a qual arquitetura a biblioteca ou aplicativo pertence.<\/p>\n<p>O Qt tamb\u00e9m requer uma pasta Plugins na pasta Contents do seu diret\u00f3rio YOUR_APP.app, copie os plugins do Qt para Contents. A seguir, verifique a funcionalidade do aplicativo, ap\u00f3s o qual voc\u00ea poder\u00e1 come\u00e7ar a otimizar a pasta Plugins, excluindo elementos desta pasta e testando o aplicativo.<\/p>\n<h2>Seguran\u00e7a do macOS<\/h2>\n<p>Depois de copiar todas as depend\u00eancias e corrigir os caminhos para vincula\u00e7\u00e3o din\u00e2mica, voc\u00ea precisar\u00e1 assinar o aplicativo com a assinatura do desenvolvedor e, adicionalmente, enviar a vers\u00e3o do aplicativo \u00e0 Apple para reconhecimento de firma.<\/p>\n<p>Se voc\u00ea n\u00e3o tem US$ 100 para uma licen\u00e7a de desenvolvedor ou n\u00e3o deseja assinar nada, escreva instru\u00e7\u00f5es para seus usu\u00e1rios sobre como iniciar o aplicativo.<\/p>\n<p>Esta instru\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m funciona para RaidenVideoRipper:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Desativar o Gatekeeper: spctl &#8211;master-disable<\/li>\n<li>Permitir inicializa\u00e7\u00e3o de qualquer fonte em Privacidade e seguran\u00e7a: permitir que aplicativos mudem para qualquer lugar<\/li>\n<li>Remova o sinalizador de quarentena ap\u00f3s fazer download de um aplicativo zip ou dmg: xattr -d com.apple.quarantine app.dmg<\/li>\n<li>Verifique se o sinalizador de quarentena (com.apple.quarantine) est\u00e1 faltando: ls -l@ app.dmg\n<li>Adicione confirma\u00e7\u00e3o para iniciar o aplicativo, se necess\u00e1rio, em Privacidade e seguran\u00e7a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Um erro com o sinalizador de quarentena geralmente \u00e9 reproduzido pelo erro \u201cO aplicativo est\u00e1 corrompido\u201d que aparece na tela do usu\u00e1rio. Nesse caso, voc\u00ea precisa remover o sinalizador de quarentena dos metadados.<\/p>\n<p>Link para construir o RaidenVideoRipper para Apple Silicon:<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/demensdeum\/RaidenVideoRipper\/releases\/download\/1.0.1.0\/RaidenVideoRipper-1.0.1.0.dmg\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/github.com\/demensdeum\/RaidenVideoRipper\/releases\/download\/1.0.1.0\/RaidenVideoRipper-1.0.1.0.dmg<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hoje lancei uma vers\u00e3o do RaidenVideoRipper para dispositivos Apple com macOS e processadores M1\/M2\/M3\/M4 (Apple Silicon). RaidenVideoRipper \u00e9 um aplicativo r\u00e1pido de edi\u00e7\u00e3o de v\u00eddeo que permite cortar parte de um arquivo de v\u00eddeo em um novo arquivo. Voc\u00ea tamb\u00e9m pode criar gifs e exportar a trilha de \u00e1udio para mp3. A seguir, descreverei brevemente<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/2024\/12\/11\/dynamic-linking-qt-app-macos\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;Vincula\u00e7\u00e3o din\u00e2mica de aplicativos Qt no macOS&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","entry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"pt","enabled_languages":["en","ru","zh","de","fr","ja","pt"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4056"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4063,"href":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4056\/revisions\/4063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demensdeum.com\/blog\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}