The template method is a behavioral design pattern. The pattern describes a way to replace part of a class’s logic on demand, while leaving the common part unchanged for descendants.
Let’s say we are developing a bank client, let’s consider the task of developing an authorization module – the user should be able to log in to the application using abstract login data.
The authorization module must be cross-platform, support different authorization technologies and storage of encrypted data of different platforms. To implement the module, we choose the cross-platform language Kotlin, using the abstract class (protocol) of the authorization module, we will write an implementation for the MyPhone phone:
class MyPhoneSuperDuperSecretMyPhoneAuthorizationStorage {
fun loginAndPassword() : Pair {
return Pair("admin", "qwerty65435")
}
}
class ServerApiClient {
fun authorize(authorizationData: AuthorizationData) : Unit {
println(authorizationData.login)
println(authorizationData.password)
println("Authorized")
}
}
class AuthorizationData {
var login: String? = null
var password: String? = null
}
interface AuthorizationModule {
abstract fun fetchAuthorizationData() : AuthorizationData
abstract fun authorize(authorizationData: AuthorizationData)
}
class MyPhoneAuthorizationModule: AuthorizationModule {
override fun fetchAuthorizationData() : AuthorizationData {
val loginAndPassword = MyPhoneSuperDuperSecretMyPhoneAuthorizationStorage().loginAndPassword()
val authorizationData = AuthorizationData()
authorizationData.login = loginAndPassword.first
authorizationData.password = loginAndPassword.second
return authorizationData
}
override fun authorize(authorizationData: AuthorizationData) {
ServerApiClient().authorize(authorizationData)
}
}
fun main() {
val authorizationModule = MyPhoneAuthorizationModule()
val authorizationData = authorizationModule.fetchAuthorizationData()
authorizationModule.authorize(authorizationData)
}
Now for each phone/platform we will have to duplicate the code for sending authorization to the server, there is a violation of the DRY principle. The example above is very simple, in more complex classes there will be even more duplication. To eliminate code duplication, you should use the Template Method pattern.
We will move the common parts of the module into immutable methods, and transfer the functionality of transmitting encrypted data to specific platform classes:
class MyPhoneSuperDuperSecretMyPhoneAuthorizationStorage {
fun loginAndPassword() : Pair {
return Pair("admin", "qwerty65435")
}
}
class ServerApiClient {
fun authorize(authorizationData: AuthorizationData) : Unit {
println(authorizationData.login)
println(authorizationData.password)
println("Authorized")
}
}
class AuthorizationData {
var login: String? = null
var password: String? = null
}
interface AuthorizationModule {
abstract fun fetchAuthorizationData() : AuthorizationData
fun authorize(authorizationData: AuthorizationData) {
ServerApiClient().authorize(authorizationData)
}
}
class MyPhoneAuthorizationModule: AuthorizationModule {
override fun fetchAuthorizationData() : AuthorizationData {
val loginAndPassword = MyPhoneSuperDuperSecretMyPhoneAuthorizationStorage().loginAndPassword()
val authorizationData = AuthorizationData()
authorizationData.login = loginAndPassword.first
authorizationData.password = loginAndPassword.second
return authorizationData
}
}
fun main() {
val authorizationModule = MyPhoneAuthorizationModule()
val authorizationData = authorizationModule.fetchAuthorizationData()
authorizationModule.authorize(authorizationData)
}
Sources
https://refactoring.guru/ru/design- patterns/template-method
Source code
https://gitlab.com/demensdeum/patterns/< /p>
